What is one of the risks associated with drilling through the anterior border of the mandible?

Drilling through the anterior border of the mandible carries several associated risks, which is why the answer includes all listed options.

Infection is a concern during any surgical procedure, especially in the oral cavity, where bacteria are prevalent. If proper aseptic techniques are not followed or if there is an existing infection in the area, there is a heightened risk of complications.

Bleeding is another significant risk due to the presence of vascular structures in this region. When drilling through the mandible, there is a chance of injuring blood vessels, which may lead to excessive bleeding during and after the procedure.

Nerve damage is a critical risk when drilling near the anterior border of the mandible. The mental nerve, for instance, can be affected, leading to sensory loss or paresthesia in the lower lip and chin area. This can result in long-term complications for the patient if the nerve is inadvertently damaged during the procedure.

Considering the combination of these risks, choosing the option that states all of the above captures the comprehensive risk profile associated with this specific surgical action. Proper training, awareness of the anatomy in this area, and careful technique are essential to mitigate these potential complications.