In which scenario is osteoconduction most likely to occur?

Osteoconduction refers to the process by which new bone growth occurs along a scaffold or structure, typically provided by bone graft materials. In this case, the scenario involving a graft of cancellous bone is most conducive to osteoconduction because cancellous bone, also known as trabecular or spongy bone, has a porous structure that facilitates the migration of osteoblasts and other cells necessary for bone formation.

When cancellous bone is used as a graft, it not only serves as a structural foundation for new bone growth but also provides an environment rich in vascularity and biochemical signals that promote the differentiation of cells into bone-forming osteoblasts. This scaffolding allows for the natural healing process and encourages the apposition of new bone along its surfaces, successfully leading to the regeneration of bone in areas where it may have been lost or compromised.

The presence of fibrous tissue, absence of surrounding bone, or a fracture without bone involvement do not create the appropriate conditions necessary for effective osteoconduction to occur. Fibrous tissue lacks the properties needed to support new bone formation, while the absence of surrounding bone means there is no structural support for new growth. A fracture without any bone involvement would not have the necessary elements such as a scaffold